English Language Learning Essay

FLASH BACK:- Of all the languages in the world today, English deserved to be regarded as a world language. It is the world’s most widely spoken language. It is the common means of communication between the people of different nations. English language learning has its own prospects. Teaching of English as a foreign language for many of our students and a second language for some in our country has not yet achieved the decided aim of free communication of thought. With the down of independence, some Indians demanded that English should quit India with the English. This demand for the abolition of English from this country was due to domination and exploitation of the British people of our country. Some other people argue that if the study of English be killed in India, the progress of this country will be seriously affected. Because of this controversy, the most important problem for us is to decide, what place should be assigned to English in free India. The teaching of English at schools and colleges should be more practical and language oriented in order to achieve the limited objectives of learning this important world language. The content and character of English language as well as the method of imparting have to undergo a change. It should be taught as a language of comprehension and communication. The basic knowledge of grammar and structure of language needs to be modified. A practical command of the non literary and non technical practical command of the non literary should be acquired at the school age. MY JUSTIFICATION:-It is my own observation from my teaching experiences after going through the problems of the students in English language Learning among the large numbers of students which can be sharply pointed  out that the most unfortunate aspect about the learning of English in the Secondary and Higher Secondary School is the lack of any clear cut and attainable aim of standard of achievement in English Language Learning. This problem can be classified into different categories—— (1) Lack of Clear Cut Objectives. (2) More Emphasis on the Mother Tongue. (3) Poor base or defective Teaching in Primary Level. (4) Improper Guardianship at Home. (5) Lack of Supportive English Speaking Environment. (6) Non Motivated and Non Interesting as well as Substandard textbooks. (7) Unsatisfactory Evaluation System. (8) Dearth of Competent Teachers. (9) Indifferent Administration. (10) No Individual Attention. (11) Not Using Proper Audio-Visual Aids. So to eradicate the problems of English language learning it must be taken some necessary steps which will prospect the English language. These remedial measures are the main tools of the prospective ideas in regard to the development of English language learning. The important measures are as follows——————— A. INTRODUCTION OF DIRECT METHOD :- The direct method of teaching English was oriented in France. It is a method by which we teach English directly. Direct method of teaching a foreign language through conversation, discussion and reading in the language itself without the use of pupil’s language, translation, the study of formal grammar. Therefore, this method is otherwise known as reformal method. Following are some advantages or merits of the Direct method†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (1) It promote the ability of self thinking and self expression of English among the students. (2) It establishes a direct association between the word and its meaning. (3) It is the quickest way to understand, read, write and speak English clearly. (4) It lays more stress on oral work. B. USE OF STRUCTURAL METHOD :- In Structural Approach high priority is given to speech. The fundamental principle of structural approach is to develop the ability of speaking. In this method important is given to the child’s activity rather than the activity of the teacher. The teacher should make the students familiar with the given structures in three forms – spoken, printed and written. The main principle of structural Approach is drilling of new structures , words and phrases properly by which students will understand these properly. In this method direct meaning of the words should not be given to the students. The teacher should give the model sentences by using different words with proper meaning and clear idea. C. USE OF GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD:- This method has much value if it is used judiciously. It is the easiest method by using translation. The teacher can easily make his students understand the meaning of the English Word. Its best advantage lies in the sphere of vocabulary getting. Through translation vagueness of meaning of the English word or phrase is avoided and word is associated with the native word. The child proceeds from the known to unknown English words with abstract ideas which are easily explained in the mother tongue. This method has been found in useful for a comparative study or understanding the difference of structures of sentences in English and the vernacular. D. USE OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:- The main purpose of the use of Audio Visual Aids is to enable the teacher to make his lessons effective and interesting. Books and other printed  materials have been the basic tools of teaching and they are still of great importance. But audio visual aids make the situation more exciting, interesting and understandable for the students. They help to avoid excessive, empty and meaningless verbalization in teaching English. They provide direct sense experiences to pupils and help them to form clear and accurate concepts in English. E. SPECIFIC METHOD FOR TEACHING PROSE , POETRY:- While the teacher enters to the class to teach prose and poetry, his first attempt should be to motivate the students with his attractive ideas of thought. His introductory speech is always very important for the students motivation.Then teaching techniques must be applied; such as model reading by the teacher, reading loud by the pupils, exposition of difficult words, structure or line, silent reading by the pupils, comprehension test and lastly application test. CLOSING COMMENT:- In conclusion my suggestion is that English should not be compulsory rather it should be simple and utilitarian. When the student finishes school it is necessary that he should have gained during the six or seven years, a practical command over the language. It is possible only if we make the environment- situation friendly and future oriented. Teacher, pupil, guardian, society, authority†¦everyone must come forward and work together.

Literary Analysis: Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet as a Historical Fiction Essay

In Jamie Ford’s historical fiction Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet, this split narrative focuses on two eras: 1942 and 1986. Within these era’s, Ford’s novel focuses on a Chinese boy, Henry Lee, and what it was like to grow up in the international district with prejudice everywhere, especially in his own family being a first generation American. His novel tells the story of Henry, as well as a Japanese girl by the name of Keiko. The novel tells the story of these two young friends and the hardships faced when the government sends Keiko and her family away to the Japanese internment camps in the Northwest in the 1940’s. His novel displays the effects of the prejudice held against the Japanese during the 1940’s wartime, and the effects it had on the lives of not only those Japanese, but also all Americans, Chinese and other nationalities. We use Anne Scott MacLeod’s essay â€Å"Rewriting History† as a framework while reading Ford’s Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet. â€Å"Rewriting History† is a persuasive essay giving criteria of a â€Å"good† Historical Fiction vs. â€Å"bad† Historical Fiction. This essay focuses on three of MacLeod’s criteria for a â€Å"good† Historical Fiction: not rewarding rebellion, not appealing to â€Å"modern sensibilities†, and not overcoming social mores easily. Ford’s novel Hotel on the Corner of Biter and Sweet successfully meets MacLeod’s requirements for a â€Å"good† historical fiction in many ways, although, there are some flaws in a couple of his historical facts, nevertheless, the â€Å"good† historical facts and information in Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet out ways the few historical flaws. First of all, Ford makes sure to give Henry consequences to his rebellious acts; something MacLeod says many â€Å"bad† historical fictions do not do, they only reward with happy endings. Secondly, Ford uses racial discriminations that would have been used back in the 1940’s; another thing MacLeod says that â€Å"bad† historical fiction accommodates to, making it non-offensive and politically correct for the readers. In addition, Henry does not easily overcome the social mores of 1942; again something MacLeod says that â€Å"bad† historical fiction makes it seem easy to overcome the social mores of the era. First of all, meeting MacLeod’s criteria for a â€Å"good† historical fiction†, Ford’s novel does not â€Å"make overt rebellion seem nearly painless and nearly always successful†. Ford displays this when Keiko is taken away Henry keeps some of her belongings safe under his dresser, as well as when Henry sneaks into two different Japanese internment camps searching for Keiko. Though this rebellion seems rewarded at first, as we continue reading we see how, by going to the internment camps and keeping Keiko’s belongings, Henry unknowingly starts a chain of events leading to one, giant consequence. Because Henry keeps Keiko’s belonging, and later writes her letters, his mother finds out and tells Henry’s father. Henry comes home one day and finds his parents at the kitchen table waiting for him with all of Keiko’s pictures spread all over the table. Because of this, Henry’s father gives him a choice: walk out the door and no longer be part of the family or stay and forget about Keiko. In the end Henry chooses to follow his heart and leaves his family (182-185). This forever affects the relationship between Henry and his father, even on his father’s deathbed. Secondly, according to MacLeod’s standard, Ford’s novel is a â€Å"good† historical fiction by not appealing to â€Å"modern sensibilities, so that protagonists experience their own societies as though they were time-travelers, noting racism, sexism, religious bigotry, and outmoded beliefs as outsiders, not as people of and in their cultures. † Ford uses dialect in his novel consisting of racial slurs and comments that would have been used back in the 1940’s. Ford doesn’t accommodate to readers by making the book non-offensive or politically correct. Ford makes the book historically correct as possible. Thirdly, by MacLeod’s criteria, Ford’s novel is a â€Å"good† historical fiction by not â€Å"set[ing] aside the social mores of the past as though they were minor afflictions, small obstacles, easy—and painless—for an independent mind to overcome†. This is displayed near the beginning of the book after Chaz, the bully, snatches Henry’s â€Å"I am Chinese† pin off of his shirt. While walking away Keiko tries to grab Henry’s hand for comfort, but he pushes it away thinking, â€Å"My father would fall over dead†¦ And in town, someone would see us† (23). Ford made the transition of Henry opening up to Keiko take time; they didn’t become immediate friends. Ford makes sure to make the relationship between Keiko and Henry plausible. They both are ‘scholarshipping’ at an all-white school and met working in the school kitchen, as payment for scholarshipping. Their connection is somewhat immediate, yet their relationship progresses slowly. Fourthly, according to MacLeod’s standard, Ford’s novel is a â€Å"good† historical fiction by not omitting â€Å"the less attractive pieces of the past to make . . . arratives meet current social and political preferences†. The 1940’s for the Japanese-Americans were dark times; Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet does anything but omit these facts. From the harsh realities of the hatred between the Chinese and the Japanese displayed between Henry’s father, Henry, and Keiko, to the removal of the Japanese, Ford’s novel spares no â€Å"less attractive piece of the past† to make this novel appealing to the average human in this generation. Ford makes sure to put historical fact ahead of the appealing story’s fiction. Lastly, Ford’s novel is a â€Å"good† historical fiction, by MacLeod’s criteria, because It does not imply that â€Å"people of another time either understood or should have understood the world as we do now. † Though Henry and Keiko had an unusual relationship that most Chinese and Japanese children in the 1940’s wouldn’t have had, it isn’t entirely implausible. Think of it like this†¦ The world is always changing, so how does it change? Someone has to be the one to make those changes happen. We don’t have the same view of the Japanese, or any race for that matter, that we did in past generations. So again, what changed? Obviously Ford’s novel is under the category of ‘fiction’ and the actions of Henry didn’t have this amazing effect of the 1940’s that changed history forever†¦ However, someone’s actions, somewhere in the 1940’s, affected history. This fact makes the relationship between Henry and Keiko, as well as Ford’s novel as a whole, historically plausible. In conclusion Ford’s novel has an overwhelming amount of evidence backing up the hypothesis that his novel is a â€Å"good† work of historical fiction by MacLeod’s standard. Though the end of the novel rewards you with a cheesy, sappy love story ending, something slightly implausible, Ford does his best he can to keep the history in this ‘historical fiction’ factual and true. Over all this novel is a highly plausible, and by MacLeod’s criteria, a â€Å"good† work of Historical Fiction. Ford’s novel is also a reminder of the injustice against the Japanese-Americans during the wartime of the 1940’s and cautions us to never let ourselves as a people treat anyone we see as ‘different’ with the prejudice we so easily treated the Japanese with.

Comparrison between Aviation biofuel and the other types of fuel that Essay

Comparrison between Aviation biofuel and the other types of fuel that are used now for airplanes - Essay Example Biofuel (96) is an old method that existed back in 500AD when revolution was taking place. People back then used to recycle waste materials to ignite their newly invented machines. This method of recycling went on until new forms of ignition evolved. Apparently airline companies are looking for ways in which they can cost on fossil fuels which are being used in this new modern era. Researchers have found that the usage of biofuel is still possible even without modernizing the ignition engines like in cars. Although this is concluded research has been made, there still lay some concern about using the biofuel in aviation as compared to the other fuel that is being used such as gasoline and fossil fuels. These concerns are in form of pros and con of using either of the two kind of fuel in aviation (96). The advantages of using bio-fuels would be its environmentally balanced carbon (IV) oxide impact, its capability to become a sustainable fuel, and it may result in lower engine emissions. This emission are named greenhouse gas emissions which poised to grow, as air travel increases and ground vehicles use more alternative fuels like ethanol. Currently, aviation represents two percent of global emissions, but is expected to grow to three by 2050(Eliasson, Riemer & Wokaun 1999). In addition, long-term solutions are said to dramatically reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. Therefore, alternate fuels with low to zero carbon content, such as liquid hydrogen or liquid methane, might be used. The need to build fuel efficient aircraft and operating them more efficiently; the need to change the fuel source is one of the few options the aviation industry has in order to reduce its carbon. Hydrogen electric and solar propelled aircraft are in research, there are no expectations that they will be feasible in the near or term due to aviations need for high power-to-weight ratio and globally compatible infrastructure (Eliasson, Riemer & Wokaun, 1999). Therefore, in

Statistics on Defensive efficiancy for NBA Basketball Research Paper

Statistics on Defensive efficiancy for NBA Basketball - Research Paper Example The records are for 30 top defensive teams. The first team attains two points after a vote while the second team attains a vote following a vote. Test hypothesis This is a methodology used in statistics for the purpose of decision making using the data. This data could be from a planned observational study or a normal study. In reference to statistics, the results for the hypothesis test is termed as statistically significant if the outcome is unlikely to appear by chance only, this is according to the pre-determined probability (threshold), in a significant level. The term significance test was designed by fisher Ronald. Further tests of the kinds may be referred to as significance tests, and when these tests are accessible, we can learn whether the first sample is different from the second. Data confirmatory analysis is another term used to refer to hypothesis testing; this is contrary to data explanatory analysis. Testing statistical hypothesis is very important especially in stat istical inference (Best Joel, 2009). In other terms, this test is similar to a criminal trial; the defendant cannot be termed as guilt before the plaintiff has given supportive information to rule that. In statistics, these includes minor error; both entry and data collection. This is applied just as the prosecutor tries to evaluate the extent of guilt of the defendant. Only after enough evaluation that we can term the data suit for further statistical analysis. The first data is termed as the null hypothesis while the second is called alternative hypothesis. The first data is the one under test. Innocent hypothesis occurs when error is unlikely to occur, but minor analyses are needed because we cannot make assumptions that the data is suit for analysis. Below are the sample mean of the statistical data: The above result acts as a Test Hypotheses for statistical purposes of the data. From a physical analysis of the data, it seems to be ideal for further analytical review. This data avail pairs of data for analysis; in reference to annual results, we can note some reduction in the overall performance among the teams, other comparisons that can be made are also available, that is the game number and the rest. We can also find a mean in reference to the teams, which is the team that had the highest points in the combination of all the six games (Lindley David, 2001). The distribution of variables The available variables are these sets of data are in four pairs. In reference to this data, it is impossible to calculate the standard deviation because the data is quite complex and has many variables and entries where you need to considered more than two entries to get the mean. Standard deviation is calculator able where we are calculating to what extent the entries have deviated to the mean (Best Joel, 2009). From the variable, we can see that we can compare them vertically and horizontally. We can argue on the basis on the mean; the trend seems to increase down the cells among different teams. In this case, we will calculate the standard deviation from the mean of year 2010 for statistical purposes. Analysis for the year 2010 Mean 1.03807 Standard deviation 0.03221 Variance 0.00104 Population standard deviation 0.03167 Variance (population standard deviation) 0.001 (NBA Basketball, 2010) Statistical Inference In statistics, this means the process of designing and drawing conclusions from a specific data. In this, the main objective is to point

Healthy Living City Promotion Plan Term Project Essay

Healthy Living City Promotion Plan Term Project - Essay Example e communities and their audiences, the cultural Arts and Heritage Plan will articulate the vision and strategies for the advancement of culture in the city of Penticton . According to Hello BC (2014), the city of Penticton is rich with cultural heritage and arts which over the recent years have been neglected as result of the proliferation of modern technology and globalization. The promotional plan hence provides a framework for the assessment of the current situation of the culture, art and heritage in the city in relation to the economic boom in the city. Indeed, like every major city, Penticton has been characterized with unprecedented changes in terms of economic, political, social and environmental domains. It is hence prudent that relevant authorities, stakeholders and city dwellers undertake activities aimed at preserving, restoring and promoting the cultural heritage of the city beyond its local environs. As Canadas most entrepreneurial city, Penticton city was profoundly known for its historical heritage dating back to 7000 years ago (Penticton 2014a). Penticton town was formed in 1906 when the Southern Okanagan Land Company established an irrigation scheme. The town gained its city status in 1948 after the Second World War. Penticton city further became notable for its wine industry and tourist sites which were opened up by the completion of the Hope- Princeton highway in 1949 (Penticton 2014a). The cultural heritage culminated with the opening of the Peach Bowl center in 1965 (Penticton 2014a) Despite declining emphasis on the cultural and art heritage in the city, there has been notable improvement and promotion of cultural heritage over past 10 years (News 2014). Advancement in the management of museums, archives and heritage sites has been due to the formulation of key national plans and strategies aimed at conserving the cultural heritage of Canada. The strategic plans include The Museum Sustainability Plan (2005), the Arts Investment

Analysis of American Eagle Outfitters Research Paper

Analysis of American Eagle Outfitters - Research Paper Example he company’s auditor, the research will draw from the current financial statements for the year ending February 2013 in an attempt to identify the name of the audit firm, whether the audit firm issued a combined for separate reports, the type of audit opinion provided and the auditor’s view about internal control over fiscal reporting. AEO is a retailer company whose main business activity is clothing and accessories sold under its own private label brands. Its main products include footwear, apparel, personal care, accessories and lingerie, which is offered in a multi-brand targeting people in different ages. The American Eagle Outfitters most common brand targets both female and male aged 15 to 25 years. It most popular products are polo shirts, low-rise jeans, swimwear, graphic T-shirts, Henley shirts, briefs and boxers. The aerie lingerie brand targets females aged 15-21 years and it offers a variety of female wears including undergarments, dorm-wear, loungewear, sleepwear and active apparel. The company has experienced misfortunes while marketing its brands. For instance, failure of success by the Martin + Osa stand alone lifestyle concept brand led to its closure in 2006. It targeted women and men aged 28-40 years. Furthermore, its latest brand, 77 kids, which targeted children aged 2-10 years was also sold after experiencing after tax losses in 2012. American Eagle Outfitters has a worldwide presence in a number of international countries. The company has expanded to Canada, Puerto Rico, Egypt, Tokyo, Moscow, Dubai and Kuwait where it sells its clothing brands. With over nine hundred stores and 148 Aerie stand-alone stores, this clothing retailer is one of the largest in U.S having acquired revenues of $ 3.48 billions in FY 2013 (United States Securities And Exchange Commission-FY 2013). AEO is a public company; therefore, it is required by law to appoint an independent external auditor to audit its financial statements. This is also a requirement

Literature Review ------The difference of Modern organization Assignment

Literature Review ------The difference of Modern organization communication between China and America - Assignment Example The American model of interpersonal communication is individual-based and tends to address the self within an organization (Lowry, Cao, & Everard, 2011). It is basically a symbolic process that brings people together, in which case, the participants use verbal and others forms of communication to persuade others for individual and professional benefit (Chia, 1995). This form of communication is premised upon and influenced by interactive traditions that can be traced from fundamental and common facial norms. All Americans tend to be at peace with a positive face, which generally convinces neighbors or associates to show respect and or recognition for an individual. Negative facial communication, for example, communicates the need for liberty for an individual (Lowry, Cao, & Everard, 2011). According to Samowar, Porter, and McDaniel (2011), the American norm of interpersonal communication as replicated in the face concept is that when an individual joins a gathering, and they modify their face to be in line with the main agenda being discussed. At this point, Americans often tend to relay information about themselves to others, through verbal and nonverbal means of communication. The recipients receive the communication and assess it by comparing the various forms of communication for consistency. As a result, the individual’s assessment of the parties in a conversation or communication controls and dictates the exchange of messages. The American society, therefore perceives interpersonal communication as a game involving two individuals whereby information from each other’s independence pays out, and which can only be sustained by how rational is an individual. Other factors include individual beliefs, and tactful maneuvers of each other’s facial expression through verbal and nonverbal means of social interaction. Such