The Use Of Cyanide On The Reefs - 890 Words

The chance to recover these reefs is now. One example of it already being too late is in Hong Kong, Singapore, Manila. All these locations had thriving beautiful reefs a long time ago, but human impact has destroyed the infrastructure of the reefs and there is just a barren wasteland except for select hardy fish that live off of what is left. When I say human impact, an example of this is the sale of coral skeletons. The residents of China and surrounding areas would go out into the reef with dynamite. The fisher man would take the dynamite and wedge it into the reef and light the fuse. The reef would be blown into manageable pieces and then taken to the port to be dipped in bleach and put on the market as decoration. Another practice that is used is the use of cyanide on the reefs. This practice is still used today in order to supply the aquarium market with exotic fish that are too hard to catch. How the practice works is the fisherman will take a diluted solution of cyanide and do se the whole reef. If this is done correctly, the fish will not die, but become temporarily paralyzed so they can be picked up in a net and brought onto the boat. The fish will then be transferred to store and be put on sale in a crowded tank until someone takes them home. The larger fish are never targeted for aquarium homes due to the size and lack of demand. When you have an ecosystem as complicated as a reef, taking out chunks of the food chain will only have very negative impacts. The reefsShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"Coral Reefs Represent Some Of The World’S Most Spectacular1293 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Coral reefs represent some of the world’s most spectacular beauty spots, but they are also the foundation of marine life: without them many of the seas most exquisite species will not survive.† (Sheherazade Goldsmith) Imagine scuba diving in the glistening coasts of the Philippines, swimming swiftly near the vibrant coral reefs with splashes of red, orange, and green. Submerged by the beauty of the underwater world, fishes of all species come inspect their new visitor while you watch in awe atRead MoreThe Blue Tang Fish : The Red Of The Wild And The Reef Ecosystem Will Die1729 Words   |  7 Pagesseeing the same effects after the sequel Finding Dory. With such a demand for these beautiful fish, there is a worry that since a majority of the fish are caught in the wild using harmful techniques that these fish will soon become endangered and the reef ecosystem will die (Zielinski, 2016). A team of biologists at the University of Florida have recently been able to hatch and raise the blue tang eggs. This is just a small step in a solution to the problem. These fish have not yet reached full maturityRead MoreBlast and Cyanide Fishing622 Words   |  3 PagesBlast and Cyanide Fishing Blast and dynamite fishing is the practice of using explosives to stun or kill schools of fish for easy collection. Fisherman used dynamite stolen from railway construction projects in East Java to catch fish such as Sardinella in Bali, Indonesia. The most recent type of explosives used are usually stolen or taken from construction sites. Dynamite and blasting caps are commonly utilized by both civilian and military construction teams in the many projects underway throughoutRead MoreAre Coral Reefs in Danger?805 Words   |  4 Pages Located in tropical ocean waters, coral reefs provide priceless resources to both human and marine life. The leading natural cause of destruction among the coral reefs is global warming. Other natural causes are earthquakes, hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons. The destruction to the coral reefs from these natural disasters is minimal compared to the dangers caused by man. Man-made destruction has a much wider impact on the health of the coral reefs. This destruction includes over-fishing, damageRead MoreThe Great Coral Grief : David Attenborough1665 Words   |  7 Pagescoral reefs. Veron who has lived and worked on the Great Barrier Reef for most his life has discovered over 20 percent of the known coral species today. And today, he gives us an insight on why the earth’s reefs face a likely mass extinction within the lifespan of the younger generation. During his time as a scientist, he researched particularly on the diversity and evolution of the world’s corals a nd became aware of their troubles. He then began his studies on the analyses of previous reef extinctionsRead MoreEssay about The Importance and Distinction of Coral Reefs1458 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance and Distinction of Coral Reefs Nestled in tropical ocean waters, coral reefs provide valuable resources to both human and marine life. Coral reefs are estimated to contain one-quarter of the undersea worlds diverse species while covering less than 0.2 % of the ocean floor. However, coral reefs are in serious danger due to both natural and man-made causes (Edmonds, 1998). Population growth and development has altered the coral reef environment. Destructive fishing practicesRead MoreCoral Reef799 Words   |  4 PagesKrupensHow Can We Preserve the World’s Coral Reefs Critical Thinking Questions and AnswersHow does the current state of the world’s coral reefs illustrate each of the six key themes of this book? Human population: With current state of coral reefs, we are definitely valuing the quality of life of a person living today because of the fact that coral reefs are indirectly, sometimes directly, destroyed by over fishing using the methods such as using dynamites or cyanides which causes corals to be destroyedRead MoreThe Coral Reefs Of St. John At The Virgin Island Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesfortunate to visit was the coral reefs near St. John at the Virgin Island Environmental Research Center. I learned interesting things about this unique living system and how they support many organisms, but one thing left me very bothered. On a tour of the coral reefs near a beach on St. John, I observed many pale detached corals. Not only that, but I saw the picture of these coral reefs from years before and the differences were enormous. In the old picture, the coral reefs were vibrant and many. It seemsRead MoreThe Benefits of the Florida Coral Reefs745 Words   |  3 PagesThe Florida Reef provides many benefits to our world. The coral living in it are part of the phylum Cnidaria which a group of invertebrates. Though it may provide many benefits to us, we provide many dangers to it. Our debris and overfishing can damage the Florida reef along with many other coral reefs. Not only that, due to over excessive tourists and their recklessness, we are endangering the Florida Reef even more. So how can human action improve the ocean ecosystem that is the home to the manyRead MoreEssay on â€Å"The Sad Fate of Coral Reefs†1077 Words   |  5 Pageswith the â€Å"Rainforests of the Sea†, the coral reefs. Coral reefs are the most diverse and biologically richest of all marine ecosystems. As with almost every ecosystem and its members, coral reefs provide several ecosystem services. For instance, coral reefs serve as natural barriers against hurricanes and catastrophic storm surges, their chemicals may treat diseases, and they are a nitrogen fixation. On of the most important functions of coral reefs are that they are a major source of food for

Death Penalty Information Center, “The Report Concluded

Death Penalty Information Center, â€Å"The report concluded that state and county charges for the defense, prosecution, and courts would be about $1.8 million per case through trial, initial state appeal, and appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.† This was the estimation of how much they would have spent if the death penalty were to be reinstated. Abolishing capital punishment will save taxpayers a lot of money because it would cut the costs significantly on how much money is needed each year in order to prosecute defendants. Over the years, people that have been sentenced to death have been exonerated due it later being proven that they were innocent but for others it was too late to get their freedom back because they had already been executed.†¦show more content†¦As stated by the Death Penalty Information Center, â€Å"Mr. Adams was sentenced to death for the murder of a police officer in Dallas County, Texas. A purported eyewitness, who in fact was the actual killer, framed Mr. Adams and received immunity from prosecution in exchange for his testimony.† It took the police 12 years to realize that Adams was not the killer. Another case that had to do with eyewitness testimony was the conviction of Willie Brown in 1981. The DPIC stated that, â€Å" Mr. Brown and co-defendant Larry Troy were sentenced to death for the murder of a fellow inmate in Florida’s Union Correctional Institution. The conviction was based entirely upon the testimony of another prisoner who testified that h e saw them leave the victim’s cell shortly before his body was discovered.† In both of these cases the witnesses had made up their stories but it was not the Justice Department that decided to look further into these convictions. One was a German anti-death-penalty activist and the other was a film maker. This is an issue because the Justice department does not have the time to look into every case again but if others are not willing to help or listen to those who say that they are innocent, then this can cause it to be too late for many inmates on death row. Many cases of individuals who have been proven to innocent or there is speculation of them having been innocent, have happened after they had already been executed. AnShow MoreRelatedDeath Penalty I. Introduction Attention Graber: Everyone knows that in the United States killing is900 Words   |  4 Pages Death Penalty I. Introduction Attention Graber: Everyone knows that in the United States killing is wrong and if you do kill you get punish for it. Holly Near an activist tells us â€Å"Why do we kill people who are killing people to show that killing people is wrong?† Audience relevance: The United States is one Nation and that we believe that if you commit any crime you must be punished. If you commit a crime than you should be punish not murder. The death penalty is not a punishment. Also the DeathRead MoreThe Execution of Death Penalty1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe Death Penalty Introduction As of 2010, thirty-four States have some form of Death Penalty, while twelve States plus the District of Columbia have no Death Penalty. The number of Death Penalty executions from 1977 2010 by color-coded States follows: (Death Penalty Information Center, 2012). The basic dispute involving the Death Penalty is whether or not it should be abolished. This dispute has raged for decades in the United States and people on both sides of the debate appear toRead MoreIs the Death Penalty Just and Fairly Applied1039 Words   |  5 PagesIS THE DEATH PENALTY JUST AND APLIED FAIRLY? BY a234h eireie34 Informal Logic: PHI103 Tanya Martin AUGUST 9th 2012 Introduction- Thesis Statement Capital punishment has been used worldwide for at least the last two thousand years and it was not until this century that its use has come under considerable scrutiny here in the U.S. There have been some highly publicized trails that have brought Capital punishment out of the shadows and into the spot light, most notably were the NurembergRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Not Be Legal1573 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many legal issues that come along with the death penalty. Ratified on December 15, 1791, The United States Bill of Rights states in its eight amendment, â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.† (8th Amendment to the Constitution). The Supreme Court stated during the 1958 case of Trop v. Dulles, that the 8th amendment must draw its meaning from the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturingRead MorePersuasive Essay On Death Penalty1618 Words   |  7 P agesDeath Penalty Since the year 1976, around 1,462 people in the United States have been executed by lethal injection. Practiced in 31 states and abolished in 19 the death penalty has remained a center stone of debate since its launch in 1976. With so many differing viewpoints, arguments pertaining to the moral issue, legal considerations and possible alternatives have been left unsettled since. The ongoing tug-of-war within these topics slowly tries to chip away at the big question. Should the deathRead MoreCapital Punishment Research Study1288 Words   |  6 Pagesrelated to cost, racial bias, socio-economic class, innocent persons on death row, and cruel and unusual punishment. A questionnaire was provided to participants to gauge the level of education regarding issues and knowledge of the death penalty. Capital punishment is defined as the legal process to which a person is put to death by the state as punishment for a crime. Capital punishment is also hereby referred to as the death penalty. Research Methods Data for this study was obtained using both primaryRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pages(Facts about the Death Penalty, 2016). About 156 people have been exonerated from death row as of December 9th, 2016 per the data information from the Death Penalty Information Center (Facts†¦, 2016). The charts and data per the DPIC, shows that there are more people, who were executed, in the south and as noted, â€Å"TX OK†, than there were in the Northeast, West, and other remaining Midwest region (Facts†¦, 2016). It seems that with the long process it takes for one death penalty litigant to be executedRead More Capital Punishment Should Be Abolished Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesMore than 18,000 Americans have been executed since the creation of the death penalty in colonial times (University of Alabama). The sentence of death for the punishment of a murder in the United States has declined in recent years. In 2014, the number of new death sentences was 72, the lowest level in many decades. Unfortunately, the U.S. fails to recognize capital punishment as a profound human rights violation and as a frightening abuse of government power. There are both pros and cons to capitalRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Not Be Required Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagespunishment inflicted. If this is stated in our Constitution, why is it that 31 out of the 50 states in the USA enable the death penalty? The answer to that is beyond me because, in my opinion, no state should allow capital punishment for the simple reason that it is a form of cruel punishment. Because of this and many other reasons that I will bring up, I believe that the death penalty should be abolished throughout the United States. Cruel and unusual punishment, as the fourteenth amendment statesRead MoreEssay about The Case Against the Death Penalty1449 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States, since the 1970s there have been more than 1270 executions according to the death penalty information center (Fact Sheet), What’s alarming about that number, is the number of people who were condemned to be executed based on race, income and social status alone, targeting those that could not afford good legal counsel, and were appointed attorneys that were â€Å"inexperienced and had below appropriate professional standards† (Hessick 1069), which sealed the fate of those literally

Advanced Diploma of Hospitality

Questions: 1. You work for an organization that does not actively encourage its employees to participate in decision-making processes, and to assume responsibility and exercise initiative as appropriate. What would you say to convince the organizations management to do so? Write a transcript of what you would say. 2. Do you consider group decision-making to be a valuable tool that will aid in encouraging employees to participate in decision-making processes, to assume responsibility and exercise initiative? Explain briefly. 3. Your organization has changed the way it accepts payments from customers/ clients to make the process easier for clients/ customers. What would you do to ensure that the organizations continuous improvement processes are communicated to all stakeholders? 4. Define sustainability and outline why organizations should develop workplace sustainability policies. Answers: (1). As an employee, I would make the management understand about the importance of participatory management and I would explain them the reasons that why participation in decision-making process is important. Firstly, it helps in the analysis of problems closely, development of analytical strategies and setting appropriate goals for the company. This helps in the improvement of the self-esteem of the employees (Walker and Walker 2012). Assessment: BSBMGT516 Facilitate continuous improvement Version 1.1 Implemented April 2016 Review Date July 2017 Responsibility Copyright Australian College of Vocational Studies (2). Group decision making is a valuable tool that helps in the encouragement of employees in decision-making process. Group decision making helps the employees in self-improvement and self-monitoring. If they are made part of the decision making process, then they will develop a feeling that their values and ideas are considered and valued. Employees will continuously contribute towards the success of the organization and will help the organization in improving (Buhalis and Crotts 2013). (3). Developing a good relationship with the stakeholders helps in the development of values and procedures of the organization. This can be achieved with a good communication system within the organization (Ladkin and Buhalis 2016). A verbal presentation method may be used to communicate improvement process to the stakeholders. Additionally, notices can be held on boards, memos and faxes. The face-to-face communication method can also be adopted to communicate information related to the organization. Assessment: BSBMGT516 Facilitate continuous improvement Version 1.1 Implemented April 2016 Review Date July 2017 Responsibility Copyright Australian College of Vocational Studies (4). Sustainability means cherishing of human wellness, biodiversity, freedom and equality. It means maintenance of economic security without damaging the environment. It means creation of social and economic systems that helps in meeting the physical needs. If an organization formulates policies that are related to sustainability then the employees of the organization may act as active contributors to solve issues related to environment related to the company (Chan and Hsu 2016).

Principles of Catholic Social Thoughts †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Catholic Social Thoughts. Answer: Introduction: Catholic Social Thoughts Catholic Social Thoughts has been divided into nine principles which encompass the daily aspects involving the prayers we usually say or our duties as a society (Catholic Social Teaching n.d) However, it involves the way we interrelate with things in life for instance surroundings and less privileged human being. The mentioned principles are as outlined below. Dignity of the human person Human dignity is the state of virtue, righteousness or integrity in human beings. The dignity of the human being involves the duties we offer to one another and respect due to the fact that their life is much of value like that of a next person dignity (Australian Catholic Social Justice Council [ACSJC], 2016). Each and every person is sacred of Gods creation and this means that this particular feature cannot be lost or received because it his or her right to have dignity. The societies which we live ought to understand and recognize that any person justifies being shown dignity irrespective of their differences such as oppression, poverty, and inequality. According to Kath Boyle, if an individuals human dignity is lost through any of the above instances, the dignity which connects the society will be lots too (FTB broadcasts, 2013). Subsidiarity This is the idea that any decision that is made on the particular group or community should involve their participation in inclusive discussions instead of irrelevant interruption from a higher power (ACSJC, 2016). It points out that better verdicts will be developed when they are made together with the affected. The idea encourages the participation of the affected by affairs thus empowering their involvement. Global solidarity Global solidarity acknowledges the responsibilities which human beings have to one another in all races, religious differences, culture, socioeconomic states, and nation. ACSJC outlines that irrespective of all the differences, human are still associated via physical and spiritual state because they are the creation of God. This particular principle further emphasizes the use of the common good as a foundation, pointing out the desire to concentrate on the persons most needs in the community (ACSJC, 2016). Participation A community is not something which just happens but it is something which its members join hands to come up with a common goal. People should take part in building the community through participation in various activities. The participation principle is connected directly to solidarity and the subsidiarity. This is because people have the right to engage in the society elements such as politics for their all importance (TCCANZ, 2016). However, the principle explains further the way an individuals right not be excluded from any decisions or any engagement in any key needs such as education, politics, and work. The Catholics live their lives at the service of human dignity. In addition, the developments of people are facilitated by the pursuance of the social morals of the truth. The common good This implies to actions that are to benefit to all people in society and not excluding the minority; instead poor should be the main focus. The principle also indicates that people who are marginalized should not be offered equal opportunities and rights for any other people. Instead, there should be opportunities and rights which aim to help them better to grow for them all. It is not only leaders and rulers who are called to pursue the common good, by practicing the common good, Catholics use it as one of the ways of practicing solidarity. A common good is a form of unity and every Catholic is advice to practiced it to continue showing the love of God Stewardship Creation It points out that all the gifts which God has made such animals, human beings and surrounding forms the sacred gifts from God and human beings are mandated to care all of them(TCCANZ, 2016). Furthermore, humans are perceived stewards and not the real owners of the earth and ought to look after the creation of the God. This means that all the humans have to make a fulfillment to their roles (FTBbroadcasts, 2013) Universal Purpose of Goods The principle points out that all the sources which God has created on earth ought to be available to each and every individual and not only for certain people or community. Notwithstanding the capability to possess something, the responsibility still exists with the same quality to any person (TCCANZ, 2016). However, if an individual possesses more than what is acceptable, these people have a responsibility to offer for other people to enable them to have equal opportunity. Preferential option for the Poor The department of relief services of Catholic believes that there is a need for love and respect to people who are in need not due to the fact that they are righteous or most holy. However, it says that a person meets poor, they should welcome them just like a friend in need leaving the superiority perspective (CRS, 2016). This principle is closely related to solidarity and the common good in that the community ought to work in team work to offer an equal chance to people who may not be in a position to access, prioritize the needs of the poor over the wishes of many other people around. Promotion Peace Pope John Paul II asserted that peace is not lack of war but it encompasses the shared respect and self-confidence in people and states and these comprises collaborations and binding accord. The idea gives chance of a positive growth of human being where justice is employed to allow peace (FTBbroadcasts, 2013). Interrelationship between self and community Community shares lots of things, the members of the community may possess a common history and identity. Commonly, the members of the community are bound by social structures such as politics, economy, and cultural structures. However, the members of the community have the potential to express their ways of life on whichever means they like for instance, recreation and political associations. Such kinds of relationships reinforce the social fabric and also forms the foundation for a true society of people. The understanding of the community by Catholic is beyond these particular characteristics because it gets full expression through a communion which is a thing that comes from God as a gift. All the CST principles have collectively work to achieve a common goal which is human flourish. However, these principles reinforce self and community relation. If an individual capability to flourish is denied, then their dignity is also denied. It is going to result in segregated and unjust so ciety (Australian Catholic University, 2016a) Golden rule forms the key theme of all the nine principles that points out that we should treat other people the best way you want to be treated. The very principle has been named ethic of reciprocity because of how it is evident from many cultures and religions around the globe. (ACU, 2016b) According to High McKay, the good life is the life for other people and if this is well practiced, family, business and political life will change for the better. In addition, an individual is a miniscule part of the collective community and if one flourish is directly reliant on to others. It is clear that CST objective to give a guide to people to live a collective life for the community and all will be part of that society. Conclusion The nine principles are used by Catholics as a way to foster unity and extend love in the community. By abiding by the nines principles, each and every person in society will be politically, socially and economically secure. It is because the common goal of the principles drive to give everyone an equal chance in the community. References Australian Catholic Social Justice Council (2016) social teaching. Retrieved from https://www.socialjustice.catholic.org.au/social-teaching Australian Catholic University (2016a) 1.4.3 When Flourishing Doesn't Happen retrieved from UNCC100 Unit Materials Australian Catholic University (2016b) 1.3.2 What Is the Golden Rule retrieved from UNCC100 Unit Materials Australian Catholic University (2016c) 1.4.1What is the Good Life retrieved from UNCC100 Unit Materials Catholic Relief services. (2016) CST 101 | Option for the Poor and Vulnerable [Video File] retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3gxBjtOzNM Brayden Filippone Australian Catholic Social Justice Council (2016) social teaching. Retrieved from https://www.socialjustice.catholic.org.au/social-teaching FTBbroadcasts (2013) Chris UNCC 100PROP. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8zjSGTYg14feature=youtu.be FTBbroadcasts (2013) UNCC DIGNITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON KB. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNh65JSTYg14feature=youtu.be The Catholic Church in Aotearoa New Zealand (2016) Principles of Catholic Social Teaching. Retrieved from https://www.catholic.org.nz/social-action/dsp-default.cfm? loadref=62

Black Representation in Postbellum Era Art Followi Essays

Black Representation in Postbellum Era Art Following the abolition of slavery in 1865, it took a substantial amount of time for the representation of African-American people in American art to establish itself beyond the grotesque and the caricatured. Before slavery and the plantations were outlawed due to the civil war, American representation of blacks were shown as cartoon caricatures; as generic, racial stereotypes with no individuality of their own. This is demonstrated by a number of artworks prevalent at the time. Blackness was either relegated to the sidelines of the paintings, sculpture and engravings, or else excluded completely from the image. And although the outlawing of slavery was done in order to generate equality and liberty across the United States, racism was still prevalent, and it would also take some time before the actual identity of blackness in the United States managed to transcend that of an oppressed, racial stereotype, and began to take on and repr esent a history and a culture of its own, instead of merely providing the negative for the representation of whiteness. A great many critics argue that this breakthrough was made ironically by a sculpture made and funded by white people, in the Shaw's Memorial by Augustus Saint-Gaudens. Despite Saint-Gauden's obvious inclinations towards racial stereotyping in words (his memoirs justify this statement), thanks to a number of coincidences, his artistic credibility, and the amount of time he was given to produce this sculpture, he managed to represent blackness not as caricatured, but as a disparate but unified whole. But some critics of the Shaw Memorial still uphold the belief that it is inherently racist. In the following essay, I will look briefly at the history of black representation in the art of post-bellum America, than engage in a closer analysis of the Shaw Memorial, in order to see exactly what is being represented and how. Monumental sculpture in partic ular had a great history in providing people with allusions to the real, held as less of an illusion than the representations made in other arts, such as painting. The representation of Apollo in the famous sculpture had provided people with a benchmark for human aesthetic beauty for thousands of years, and sculpture seemed conducive to the production and the replication of this ideal human form. This has serious implications for the evolution of how Black American slaves in postbellum America were represented. Kirk Savage suggests that: "Sculpture's relation to the human body had always been more direct and intimate than painting's: the sculptor's main task was not to create illusions on a flat surface but to reproduce three-dimensional bodies in real space." HYPERLINK https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/black-representation-postbellum-era-4787.php \l _ftn1 [1] Additionally, because of the importance by which public sculpture was held at the time, as a monument dedic ated to, rather than imposed upon the community, the development of a realistic representation of the African American body in the art of the time is not to be underestimated. Savage goes on to say: "The sculpture of antiquity thus became an authenticating document of a normative white body, a 'race' of white men." HYPERLINK https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/black-representation-postbellum-era-4787.php \l _ftn2 [2] The fair representation of blackness in sculpture was therefore central to the cause of representing blackness as equal in America. However, it would still be some time before the representation of the hero would be anything but white. This white hero occurred on both sides of the slavery divide, as those from the South would paint a picture of the generous, selfless plantation owner, whereas those from the North would paint an equally white picture of figures fighting for the liberty of black slaves. From the Journal of Popular Culture: "In the postb ellum reminiscences, a slaveholder's chivalric spirit was manifested through feats of selfless generosity." HYPERLINK https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/black-representation-postbellum-era-4787.php \l _ftn3 [3] Also, representations of the South didn't differ: "refusing to concede an exclusive grant of heroic title to the friends and relatives of slaveholders, those who had gloried in the 1865 Union victory demanded an equal chance to create their own champions of popular culture. In the manner of their southern counterparts, they sought to 'rescue from oblivion' the 'true' history of an 'unpretending, liberty-loving and Christian people.'" HYPERLINK https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/black-representation-postbellum-era-4787.php \l _ftn4 [4] So, despite

Use Elegant Variation in Your Resumé

Use Elegant Variation in Your Resumà © Use Elegant Variation in Your Resumà © Use Elegant Variation in Your Resumà © By Guest Author This is a guest post by Debra Wheatman. If you want to write for Daily Writing Tips check the guidelines here. W. Fowler coined the term â€Å"elegant variation† to denote the unnecessary use of synonyms to denote a single thing.   One of his examples was a newspaper excerpt in which the writer referred to the same person, the King of England, as Emperor, His Majesty, and the Monarch.   Fowler’s objection to this kind of â€Å"elegant variation† was that â€Å"the effect is to set readers wondering what the significance of the change is, only to conclude that there is none.† When it comes to drafting a strong resumà ©, elegant variation is not only acceptable, but desirable. Your resumà © is a marketing document. The product being marketed is you. The death knell of any marketing campaign is boredom. Boring products don’t sell. If your resumà © comes across as uninteresting, so do you: you probably won’t get put in the short pile; you probably won’t get interviews, and someone with a more exciting resumà © will get the job. Many resumà ©s use the same verbs and phrases over and over again. You can use â€Å"elegant variation† to engage the reader with the use of compelling, absorbing, engrossing, gripping, riveting, and fascinating action verbs and descriptive words. Here are some examples of â€Å"elegant variation† in action – Why say â€Å"led† when you can claim to have spearheaded, propelled, pioneered, orchestrated, officiated, optimized, instituted, inspired, headed, governed, enacted, directed, crafted, controlled, championed, built, or supervised. Why say you â€Å"developed† something when you can use cultivated, advanced, evolved, fostered, amplified, promoted, expanded, actualized, refined, augmented, enriched, extended, magnified, or strengthened. Why â€Å"handle† something when you can address, advance, alter, apply, centralize, compile, conduct, construct, coordinate, determine, execute, exhibit, formalize, govern, oversee, or establish it. Obviously, these words cannot and should not be substituted without understanding context and nuance. It behooves you to spend the time to find alternates whenever possible. There are numerous tools that can help your resume be more stimulating. I have a dog-eared and coffee-stained copy of Roget’s International Thesaurus. This book was a gift from my father when I was in college and is still without a doubt, the most useful resource for writing – period. When I am writing for clients, including business documents, resumà ©s, and cover letters, I keep this book very close by to help me identify synonyms to avoid repeating the same words over and over. The Internet is a wonderful source of new words to use in your career documents. Some examples that I use regularly are dictionary.com and visualthesaurus.com. Job descriptions can provide a plethora of phrases and key words that you should review. Part of what draws the attention of a hiring manager is the use of key words that are related to the job vacancy. It is very easy to identify positions online; review the roles in connection with your rà ©sumà © so you can create some compelling content as you draft your document. Employ some creativity when creating your focused, succinct, cogent, inspirational, targeted, exceptionally results-focused rà ©sumà ©. (How’s that for a few adjectives?) Entice your reader with a taste – not the plate of what you have to offer! Debra Wheatman is a human capital management strategist and the founder of Careers Done Write, a career services firm. Debra is also the Career Doctor, a career advice blog for business leaders and executives. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comma After i.e. and e.g.75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†Sentence Adverbs

The problem is lack of 60% parental involvement at a local elementary Essay

The problem is lack of 60% parental involvement at a local elementary school negatively affects the academic success of the students - Essay Example This research project examines the importance of parental involvement as well as the consequences of their lack of involvement in their children education. Parental involvement in the education of their children is undoubtedly of great significance in the academic achievement of the student. This paper also investigates the reasons as to why some parents don’t get fully involved, as it has been observed that not all parents participate actively in the education process of their children. The ways through which schools and teachers can have parents get involved actively in educating their kids at home is also closely examined in this paper. Chapter one examines the background of the proposal topic (Lack of Parental Involvement in Education and how it affects children and their academic success) by bringing out the statement of the problem. The purpose of the study and research questions has also been stated. In chapter two the secondary information relating to parental involvement in their children’s academic process has been examined and related to the performance of the child. This has been based on the previous studies carried on the topic. As observed by Bryan (2005) it is very likely for student to perform below their potential if parents are not actively involved in their academic progress. However, despite this problem parents as seen still not to be fully involved in their children school activities. As revealed by Wanat (1992), this problem is mainly as a result of lack of time or expertise in the side of the parent. This project will involve a population of students from both junior primary and senior classes so as to compare the involvement across the levels. Parents’ involvement is basically thought to be more intense with younger children and reduces as the children grow up and move up through the academic ladder (Dixon, 1992). The selection of the population shall be done carefully to

Power and Privilege Homogeneous Choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Power and Privilege Homogeneous Choice - Essay Example Additionally, we all have a natural desire to preserve those parts of us that are unique or particularly cherished, and pass them on to our progeny. While racism and prejudice are always an unacceptable approach to our differences, there should also be an allowance for individuals to interact positively with one another while preserving their own culture, traditions, and values. I believe that it is possible to truly respect the differences between individuals and cultures, while retaining the natural comfort level found in individual association with those of similar background and world view. I call this homogeneous choice. As an individual, I am naturally aware of the differences between myself and others. Whether those variations are cultural or behavioral, I know that I can face a personal dilemma as I react to those differences; I can choose to accept them or oppose them in some way. In his article on the subject of diversity, David Brooks points out that it is in my nature to be around others like myself, and that I have the power to organize my life so that my contact with people radically different from me is limited (Brooks 31). That does not make me, however, an opponent of integration or a racist; it doesn't even mean that my personal choices are necessarily intentional. Things like personal comfort tend to occur absent specific and directed analysis, and my respectful reaction to others of different cultures can similarly be natural and uncomplicated. If I like a particular individual, regardless of cultural background, I simply like them. I don't sit around trying to analyze why I like them or what it is about them that makes them likeable; I just know that I am comfortable with them. Similarly, there are people for whom I don't especially care and that discomfort has nothing to do with race, creed, color, or any of the other common prejudicial points of view. I can respect the individual, even though I am not comfortable being around them every day, without being driven by prejudice against their culture; and that is the point. The nexus of these ideas can be articulated one word: Respect. If my responses to the differences in people I meet, and their unique way of perceiving the world, are respectful of their point of view, I can avoid a negative perspective that includes prejudice or racism. Different isn't bad, it is just different. Neither do I have to embrace all of the differences I encounter, or even like them, and include them in my choices for frequent association. I can respect my own perspective as a valid point of view, and extend that same consideration to the people I meet. The guiding principle for me, as for most other people, is personal comfort. I am naturally more comfortable with certain cultures than others, especially my own. As Brooks points out, people are "finding places where [they] are comfortable and where [they] feel [they] can flourish" (30). While he goes on to lament the lack of diversity in American culture, I don't think that it is appropriate to force people out of their personal comfort zones to accomplish a specific diversity goal. In America, the freedom of association is a constitutional right, and for good reason. Individual freedom is about flourishing within a chosen environment and I should be allowed to make those choices that promote my

Calorie Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Calorie Management - Coursework Example he input variable, Y, is obtained from calorific calculator and is known to be affected by age, gender, body activities, weight as well as height of the person (Klingensmith & American Diabetes Association, 2003). The final step involves making a comparison based on the analysed data from the two input caloric. The comparison will present two important cases: 2. Where the value of X variable exceeds the value of Y, then we should compute other explanatory variables M, N and O. Where: M= X-Y, N=M/K and O=N, and K is a constant figure valued at 3500. M, therefore, explains a case where more calories are taken in than expended while N-pounds or O-ounces might have been gained. 3. Where the value of Y variable is greater than X, we again compute M, N and O to act as our explanatory variables. With this regards, M=Y-N, N=M/K while O=N. M=Y-X means that the individual expand more calories than he/she consumes where N-pounds and O-ounces might have been lost. All the data and information on that particular individual is then stored in the computer memory to help monitor the person’s health standards in a given

Drug Target for Pathogenic Amoebae

Drug Target for Pathogenic Amoebae Horizontal Gene Transfer of a Chlamydial tRNA-Guanine Transglycosylase Gene to Specific Algal and Protozoan Lineages: A Putative Drug Target for Pathogenic Amoebae Abstract: tRNA-guanine transglycosylases are found in all domains of life and mediate the base exchange of guanine with queuine in the anticodon loop of specific tRNAs. They are also known to regulate virulence in bacteria such as Shigella flexneri, which has prompted the development of drugs that inhibit the function of these enzymes. Here we report a group of tRNA-guanine transglycosylases in eukaryotes (algae and protozoa) which are more similar to their bacterial counterparts than previously characterized eukaryotic tRNA-guanine transglycosylases. In silico analysis of these bacterial-like tRNA-guanine transglycosylasesrevealed thatthe majority are predicted to be targeted to mitochondria, although some are likely to localize to chloroplasts, the secretory pathway or the cytosol. We provide evidence demonstrating that the gene encoding theseenzymes was acquired by these eukaryotic lineages via horizontal gene transfer which from the Chlamydiae. Given that the S. flexneri tRNA-guanine trans glycosylase can be targeted by drugs, we propose that the bacterial-like tRNA-guanine transglycosylases could potentiallybe targeted in a similar fashion in pathogenic amoebae that possess these enzymes such as Acanthamoeba castellanii. Keywords: mitochondria, tRNA-guanine transglycosylase, queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase, horizontal gene transfer, tRNA, queuosine, Chlamydiae Abbreviations: TGTase: tRNA-guanine transglycosylase E-TGTase: Eukaryotic tRNA-guanine transglycosylase B-TGTase: Bacterial tRNA-guanine transglycosylase BL-TGTase: Bacterial-like tRNA-guanine transglycosylase HGT: Horizontal gene transfer Introduction Base modification of tRNAshas been implicated in tRNA structure, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase interaction andinfluencing codon-anticodon basepairing[1]. The function of the modification will depend on itstype and the position of the modified base. For example, most bases that are modified within the anticodon loop (positions 34-36) of tRNAsare important for accurate translation by facilitating interactions with their cognate codons in mRNAs [1]. One such modification that influences codon-anticodon basepairingis the incorporation of queuine within the anticodon loop. Queuosine is a modified guanosine analogue found in tRNAs from all three domains of life.Despite its wide phylogenetic distribution, queuosine is only found in a select group of tRNAs (tRNAHis, tRNAAsp, tRNATyr and tRNAAsn) [2].Reduced incorporation of queuosine in these tRNAs alters their codon recognition ability and has been linked to various cancers [3,4]. tRNA-guanine transglycosylases Queuosine modification of tRNA is mediated by tRNA-guanine transglycosylases (TGTases)(also known as queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferases). TGTases catalyze this modification via base exchange where the guanine at position 34 of the tRNA is post-transcriptionally removed and substituted with queuine or a queuine precursor [5].Eukaryotes are not capable of de novo queuine synthesis but acquire it through diet or their gastrointestinal microbiota [6].After its acquisition, the eukaryotic TGTase (E-TGTase) mediates the replacement of guanine with queuine in the anticodon loop. In contrast, queuosine modification of bacterial tRNA is more complex. Prokaryotesuse GTP-cyclohydrolase-like enzymes tosynthesizea queuine precursor(e.g. preQ1) from GTP. The bacterial TGTase (B-TGTase) then mediates the base exchange with guanine to incorporate preQ1, unlike E-TGTases that use queuine itself as the substrate.This incorporatedpreQ1 is then modified by S-adenosylmethionine tRNA ribosyltransferase to e poxyQ, which is further modified to form queuosine [6].In addition to tRNA modification, B-TGTasesplay a role in regulating the expression of bacterial genes.TGTase mutants (vacC) in the bacterium Shigella flexneri exhibit reduced expression of the virG and ipaBCDgenes, which encode virulence factors that facilitate the spread and invasion of the pathogen [7]. This is a result ofthe VacCTGTase beingrequired to modify a single base in virF mRNA, which encodes the transcriptional activator ofvirG and ipaBCD[8].Thus, B-TGTases can modify substrates otherthan tRNA and are important mediators of bacterial virulence. As a result, B-TGTases have served as a targetfor the development of drugs that interfere with their function [9].Here we report a new group of TGTases in eukaryotes that display significantly greater similarity to B-TGTases than E-TGTases. We hereby refer to these proteins as bacterial-like TGTases (BL-TGTases).In silico analysis identified 25 BL-TGTases in distinct protozoa n and algal lineages and the reason for their similarity to B-TGTases is explored in this article. Variation in the subcellular localization of bacterial-like tRNA-guanine transglycosylases To investigate the putative subcellular localization of BL-TGTases, three bioinformatic programs were utilized: Mitoprot [10], Predotar [11] and Target P [12]. The putativelocalizationfor each BL-TGTase was supportedby predictions from at least two of the three programs.Most BL-TGTases possess N-terminal mitochondrial targeting signals (Table 1), suggesting a role in modification of mitochondrial tRNAs.Interestingly, the BL-TGTases from Ostreococcus lucimarinus and Chondrus crispus were predicted to localize to mitochondria with one program (Predotar) but to the plastid with another (Target P). While it is possible that these two proteins may localize to both organelles, further experimentation is required to elucidate their subcellular locations. The BL-TGTase from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was predicted to localize to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the secretory pathway, indicating it maymodify other substrates in this organelle. Bacterial-like tRNA-guanine transglycosylase genes originated from a Chlamydial gene acquired via horizontal gene transfer While the localization of BL-TGTases varied, all 25 of the proteins exhibited higher levels of amino acid similarity to B-TGTases despite their existence in eukaryotes. A Bayesian analysis of phylogeny using MrBayes [13] withBL-TGTases,B-TGTases and E-TGTasesconfirmedthis similarity(Figure 1).The BL-TGTases were most similar to TGTases from members of the Chlamydiae.In fact, the Chlamydial TGTases were more similar to BL-TGTases than other B-TGTases. Given that Chlamydiaeare bacteria, the topology of the tree in the present study is incongruent with the universal tree of life. Instead, this topology is consistent with a horizontal gene transfer (HGT) event. That is, the genes encoding BL-TGTases originated from a Chlamydial TGTase-encoding gene that was acquired via prokaryote-to-eukaryote HGT. In addition to the strong statistical support for the BL-TGTase-Chlamydial TGTase sister group, there are several other factors that support this notion. The Chlamydiaeare known to be major contributors of genes to several eukaryotic genomes via HGT [14,15]. This includes genes encoding tRNA modification enzymes such as the Chlamydial tRNA guanine methyltransferases found in protozoa, diatoms and algae[16,17] and Chlamydial tRNA genes in vascular plants [18].Similarly to the present study, sister groups were observed between the Chlamydial and the horizontally acquired eukaryotic genes in these cases. Lastly, the majority of eukaryotic lineages in which we identified BL-TGTases have previouslybeen reported to possess HGT-derived genes acquired from the Chlamydiae[16,19]. Thus, the notion that BL-TGTases resulted from the acquisition of a B-TGTase from the Chlamydiaevia HGT in eukaryotes is highlyplausible. Indirect acquisition of a Chlamydial tRNA-guanine transglycosylase in protozoa via anon-Chlamydialbacterial intermediate Interestingly, a B-TGTase sequence from the ÃŽ ´-proteobacterium ‘Candidatus Babela massiliensis’clustered with the BL-TGTases of protistsrather than the B-TGTases (Figure 1). Although the protozoan BL-TGTases displayed similarity to Chlamydial B-TGTases, the possibility of a HGT event from ‘Ca. B. massiliensis’to protistswas present. SinceChlamydiae and ÃŽ ´-proteobacteria are not closely related, the phylogeny of their B-TGTases was investigated. Interestingly, the ‘Ca. B. massiliensis’TGTase clustered with the Chlamydial TGTase clade rather than other ÃŽ ´-proteobacterial (Pelobacter, Geobacter, Myxococcus, Desulfobulbus) B-TGTases (Figure 2). ‘Ca.B. massiliensis’and members of the Chlamydiae are found as obligate intracellular symbionts of protists such as Acanthamoeba, Dictyosteliumand Naegleria [20,21]. The presence of both of these bacteria within the one eukaryotic cell would provide the ideal conditions for HGT between them. Therefore, it is likely that at least two independent HGT events have occurred:1) The Chlamydiae donated a TGTase-encoding gene to an ancestral ‘Ca.B. massiliensis’species; and 2) ‘Ca.B. massiliensis’then donated this gene to theAmoebozoa and Heterolobosea.How the BL-TGTase genes were acquired in the algal lineagesremains to be elucidated, but may have occurred via additional HGT events (either prokaryote-to-eukaryote or eukaryote-to-eukaryote). Bacterial-like tRNA-guanine transglycosylases as drug targets for pathogenic amoebae In addition to their role in queuosine modification of tRNAs, TGTases are important for S. flexneri virulence [7,8].As a result, studies have focused on the development of TGTase inhibitors that specifically target the S. flexneri B-TGTase to treat shigellosis,while the E-TGTases of the human host remain unaffected. Some of these inhibitors,such as lin-benzoguanine,function by occupying the binding site for preQ1[22,23].While most eukaryotic species that possess BL-TGTases are non-pathogenic, we identified a BL-TGTase in Acanthamoeba castellanii, the causative agent of amoebic keratitis and encephalitis.Naegleria gruberi, whichalso has a BL-TGTase, is non-pathogenic, but is closely related to Naegleria fowleri, the etiologic agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, which may possess an unidentified BL-TGTase. Given the development of B-TGTase inhibitors has already been achieved, the BL-TGTasesin pathogenic eukaryotes could also potentially be targeted with the same drugs. Alter natively, new inhibitors could be developed following resolution of the BL-TGTase crystal structure. To confirm BL-TGTases as a putative drug target future research should attempt to characterize these proteins and determine if they have retained their prokaryotic functions and mechanism of action. Concluding remarks In this report, we have described a group of TGTases in algae and protozoa (BL-TGTases). Theseproteins are predicted to localize to various subcellular locations including mitochondria, chloroplasts, the ER and the cytosol, depending on the organism. Lastly, we showed that via multiple HGT events, BL-TGTases were originallyfrom bacteria of the Chlamydiae lineage. The bacterial origin of these proteins could be exploited in the development of drugs similar to those synthesized for the S. flexneri B-TGTase. Research into the identification and synthesis of BL-TGTase inhibitors may provide a novel treatment for infectious diseases which are caused by pathogenic amoebae that possess these proteins.

Illinois Michigan Canal is Responsible for Chicagos Size Essay

"Didn't expect no town" -Early Chicago Settler Mark Beaubien The I & M Canal is universally considered the driving force behind the huge surge of growth that turned the tiny settlement on the banks of Lake Michigan named Chicago, in to a huge metropolis and bustling center of trade. Ever since Joliet first crossed the portage between the Chicago River and the Des Plaines River in 1673, explorers, investors, politicians, and farmers alike all agreed that constructing a canal across the continental divide could benefit them greatly. The canal would connect the two largest water systems in the United States, creating a continuous waterway between New York and New Orleans, but more importantly, place Chicago on perhaps the most valuable piece of real estate in North America and in the position to become an international city almost overnight. The plans to build the Illinois & Michigan canal began in the newly started Illinois legislature in 1818. It was driven forward by the new construction on the Erie Canal in New York. Once the Erie Canal was complete only a canal between the Des Plaines and Chicago rivers would be necessary to complete the chain of waterways connecting New York to New Orleans. In 1822, Congress gave Illinois a large portion of land on which to not only build the canal, but to sell to raise funds for its construction. The land contained the portage between the two rivers and about 100 miles of land to the south and west of it. It had just recently been coercively and dishonestly purchased from the local Blackhawk Indians in a treaty that ended the Blackhawk War. As soon as the Erie Canal was completed in 1825, eastern investors quickly realized Chicago's huge potential. The land around what would one ... ...ys to twelve days. The canal remained a profitable enterprise until the year 1866 when the newly completed railroad system proved to be a cheaper and more efficient alternative. Use of the canal did not disappear however until around 1900 when it began to fall into disrepair. The final deathblow to the Illinois & Michigan came when the big, wider, and deeper Illinois Waterway was completed in 1933. However, though no longer in commercial use, the Illinois & Michigan canal remains as a source of recreation and will forever be remembered as the spark responsible for Chicago's leap to prominence. In 1833 the population of the newly incorporated town of Chicago was 250 people, by 1854, only 20 years later, the population had swelled to over 75 thousand. The city of Chicago had ascended from a tiny trading outpost to a thriving metropolis at an unprecedented speed.

Religion and Terrorism

Terrorism has long plagued the existence of peace and security in society, where secular groups have resorted to violence against non-combatant targets in order to influence the policies of a governmental or nongovernmental organisation. The concept of terrorism, whilst elusive and vague in definition has been categorised into various forms of terrorism, these being dissident, state-sponsored, and religious terrorism to name a few.This paper will argue that the most dangerous form of terrorism is religious terrorism. To deliver an effective argument this paper has been divided into three sections; the first will argue that the most dangerous form of terrorism is religious terrorism by examining what it is, how it is dangerous, and why it is more dangerous than other forms of terrorism.Secondly, this paper will argue that the most dangerous proponent of religious terrorism is the organisation of the Taliban, to support this claim; an analysis of the group will be given, including back ground information, information on the Taliban’s policies and recent activities, and the threat this groups poses on the international community. Lastly, this paper will analyse and critique the current governmental policies combating terrorism, and will then provide policy recommendations which could be implemented by governments, militaries or NGO’s.The justification for this paper is simply that the validation of religious terrorism as the most dangerous form of terrorism will allow for effective international coordination towards combating terrorism. Various parameters of study were encountered in the process of this paper as there is much contention on which is the most dangerous form of terrorism, which gave way to biased opinions and misleading quotations regarding factual information on various organisations implementing terrorist tactics, namely the Taliban.Although the concept of terrorism has no definition which is universally agreed upon, the notion of reli gious terrorism has been defined by Bruce Hoffman (1999), where religious terrorism must have three factors; â€Å"the perpetrators must use religious scripture to justify their violent acts or gains recruits; clerical figures must be involved in leadership roles; and apocalyptic images of destruction are seen by the perpetrators as necessary†.Religious terrorism has arguably been an ongoing occurrence in contentious religious areas for centuries, where religious groups have resorted to violence against non-combatants in order to combat real or perceived threats to their own ideology (Alexander, 1994). Debate on the original terrorist aside, terrorism is quite a modern concept stemming from the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror prompted by Maxmilien Robespierre who targeted the â€Å"enemies of liberty† indiscriminately in the ideology of the â€Å"greater good† (Cooper, 2004).Religious terrorism is thought to be caused by the misinterpretation (or funda mentalist belief) of religious scripture, however the belief in religious scripture is not the problem; it is only when these fundamentalist individuals act on their beliefs through violent means and justify their actions using religious scripture that we encounter the potential threat of terrorist tactics (Mendelsohn, 2009). Furthermore, this fundamentalist behaviour is only worsened when a threat to the religious ideology is perceived (Mendelsohn, 2009).Religious terrorism is reasonably widespread throughout the Middle East, and Southeast Asia, predictably this may be due to the religious zeal in these regions (Alexander, 1994). A United Nations report (August, 2010) showed that 76% of all casualties (in the first six months) in Afghanistan and Pakistan were attributed to the actions of the Taliban and their associate organisations, showing the danger associated with religious terrorism.Although religious terrorism has â€Å"become the predominant model for political violence in the modern world† (Martin, p 171, 2010) it is still not the only medium for extremist violence, as nationalism and ideology still remain strong motivators for radical violence (Martin, 2010). However, religious terrorism still remains a more dangerous form of terrorism when compared to other forms, such as state-sponsored or dissident terrorism. The factors which make this form of terrorism dangerous is the potentially apocalyptic ideology of religion, and furthermore the promise of an ethereal paradise awaiting those who follow this faith completely.This factor seems to provide a motivation arguably more influential towards violent behaviour then other forms of terrorism. Bruce Hoffman (p 92, 1998) stated that â€Å"it is perhaps not surprising that religion should become a far more popular motivation for terrorism in the post-Cold War era as old ideologies lie discredited by the collapse of the Soviet Union and communist ideology, while the promise of munificent benefits fr om the liberal-democratic, capitalist state†¦ fails to materialise in many countries throughout the world†. A stronger motivation for terrorism signifies that more violent activity, and at a higher requency, is to be expected from religious terrorism than state-sponsored or dissident terrorism. In recent times, the frequency, scale of violence, and global reach of religious terrorism has been increasing, while at the same time a decrease in secular, non-religious terrorism has been occurring (Martin, 2010). The fact that religious terrorism provides a stronger motivation is more widespread, causes more casualties than any other form of terrorism, and is increasing in frequency, scale of violence, and global reach, is reason enough to argue that religious terrorism is the most dangerous form of terrorism.Evidence of religious terrorism may be seen in the various attacks conducted on non-combatants throughout 2011. For example, on the 13th of May 2011, two suicide bombers w ere responsible for 80 deaths in Shabqadar, Pakistan, the attacks were claimed by the Taliban and were labelled a response to the death of Osama bin Laden on the 3rd of May 2011 (The Guardian, 13/5/11). Another example may be seen in the terrorist attacks in Somalia on the 4th of October 2011, claiming over 70 lives and injuring many more, the Islamic militant terrorist group Al-Shabaab soon claimed responsibility for the attack.The attacks categorised as religious terrorism predominately occur throughout the Middle-East and Southeast Asia, with the most contentious areas being Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India (Mendelsohn, 2009). To examine Pakistan individually, this region has become a trouble-spot for terrorism resulting in a largely contentious area. The terrorism occurring in Pakistan is predominately religious, resulting in over 350000 Pakistani civilians killed as of 2010 (New York Review of Books, 2011).Pakistan has a long history involving religious conflict, and although m any attempts have been made by the Pakistani government to resolve these conflicts, there is no sign of the conflict coming to an end. The fact that Pakistan is not an overly wealthy nation has contributed to the effectiveness of religious terrorist recruiting, as when individuals have nothing to lose they invest in religious ideology (Mendelsohn, 2009). Although there are many religiously based terrorist organisations, the Taliban is arguably the most dangerous proponent of religious terrorism.It is important to understand the origins, policies, methods, and other information on the organisation before effective policies can be implemented to combat the Taliban’s terrorist tactics. The Taliban is an Islamist militant organisation which has had rule of the majority of Afghanistan from September 1996, however the Taliban-formed state called the ‘Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan’ only gained political recognition as a state from Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the UAE (Mo ckaitis, 2007).However, the attacks on the USA on the 11th of September 2001 saw the Taliban overthrown during the conflict in Afghanistan. The Taliban regrouped and drafted an insurgency movement to oppose the newly formed ‘Islamic Republic of Afghanistan’, and to achieve their motives the use of guerrilla and terrorist tactics were applied (Mockaitis, 2007). Whilst in power the Taliban enforced an extremely strict interpretation of their holy scripture, becoming notorious in the international community for the poor treatment of women (Mockaitis, 2007).This fundamental following of Holy Scripture and Islam law has seen the Taliban use Holy Scripture to justify their violent actions. Whilst not much is known about the leader of the Taliban, Mohammed Omar, a 25 million dollar reward has been issued by the US department of defence for his capture. The policies of the Taliban were initially to disarm Afghanistan, end the lawlessness and heavily enforce the Islamic or Shari a law on the entirety of Afghanistan (Mendelsohn, 2009).The Taliban have been relatively successful in bringing law and order to around 85% of the country in their control, mainly by disarming or conscripting the tribes of Afghanistan (Mockaitis, 2007). Some of the Taliban’s relentless policies and unyielding nature on issues such as the treatment of Osama bin Laden have isolated them internationally resulting in non-recognition by the United Nations regarding their legitimacy, and the imposition of political sanctions aimed at denying the Taliban any funding or aid (Mendelsohn, 2009).As of yet, the Taliban have failed to develop any plan or policy to revive the state of Afghanistan should they retake political control. The methods or tactics utilised by Taliban forces has predominately been a guerrilla struggle against Western forces, however the use of terrorism has brought much notoriety to the organisation itself. However the question of funding is important, how does the Taliban receive its funding? Twelve percent of Afghanistan lives off the opium trade, which constitutes 30 percent of its gross domestic product (Schmidt, 2010).Whilst the Taliban gain finance through the sale of opium and poppy, the decrease in production of poppy would not work against the Taliban, through simple economics this organisation is able to manipulate opium prices which have seen a downward spiral over the past 5 years due to an over-supply of poppy and opium (Schmidt, 2010). Estimations show that the Taliban has stockpiled over eight thousand tonnes of opium in the event poppy production is eradicated by the US government.However the eradication of poppy in Afghanistan would for a short term aid the Taliban as prices would increase exponentially in the face of low supplies, simple economics being exploited by the Taliban (Schmidt, 2010), (UN World Drug Report, 2009). A report given in 2006 analysing the Taliban likened the organisation to a starfish (decentralised org anisation) as opposed to a spider organisation (centralised) (Brafman, Beckstrom, 2006). â€Å"The spider and the starfish both appear to have a number of legs coming out of one body, but that is where the similarity ends.In the case of the spider, what you see is a clear â€Å"head’s head and a leg’s leg. † However, a starfish is entirely different from a spider because the head is not even in charge of anything. In fact, a starfish does not even have a head. If a starfish is cut in half, it does not die. Instead, what you get are two starfish. The long-armed Linckia starfish can even replicate itself from just one piece of an arm. Unlike the spider, having no brain to give the affirmative on anything, the starfish functions as a decentralized network. (Schmidt, p 72, 2010). A table from this report gives a description of the comparison: (See below) The events which occurred on the 8th of August 1998 are evidence to show the danger and lethality of the Taliban and its policies. On the 24th of May 1997 the Taliban occupied the northern town of Mazar-i-Sharif and on the 8th of August 1998 were responsible for an attack which killed over 8000 people of different nationalities including Uzbekistani, and Shiite Iranian (Kelling, Saludin, Von-Feigenblatt, Alis, Shuib, 2010).In this attack the Taliban also attacked the consulate of Iran killing 10 Iranian diplomats, which incidentally generated Iran’s opposition on the political legitimacy of the Taliban (Kelling, Saludin, Von-Feigenblatt, Alis, Shuib, 2010). The Taliban has taken responsibility for countless attacks on both combatant and non-combatant targets, with no signs of a decrease in the frequency of attacks; the Taliban is an extremely dangerous advocate of religious terrorism.The failure of allied forces to subdue the Taliban as of yet has left Afghanistan coloured with destruction, death and poverty. An article in the International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences accused the US of â€Å"ignoring the hope and prospect of Afghanistan†, by being oblivious and promoting victory over the Taliban in order to justify the war on Afghanistan (Kelling, Saludin, Von-Feigenblatt, Alis, Shuib, 2010).The US policy to use military power against the Taliban and other terror organisations has made it more difficult to find a conclusive solution to the violence in Afghanistan; additionally the weakness of the United States’ new government in Afghanistan failed to bring stability and therefore enhanced the terrorism from the Taliban (Kelling, Saludin, Von-Feigenblatt, Alis, Shuib, 2010). The question left is how we stop the terrorism?Through government, military and NGO policy development, political, management, financial and administrative â€Å"mechanisms† arranged to reach explicit goals. This paper will therefore examine various responses to terrorism, and the policies put in place by major international actors. After September 2001, t he member of the Security Council (UN) adopted a set of comprehensive measures to combat terrorism; they did so under Chapter 7 of the UN charter, thereby making all decisions compulsory for all members (Boulden, Weiss, 2004).Two resolutions were particularly important, these being â€Å"Resolution 1368 of September 12†, which legitimised all military action against a terrorist organisation; and â€Å"Resolution 1373 of September 28 2001† which broadened the scope of international responses (Boulden, Weiss, 2004). Resolution 1373 stated that â€Å"all states should prevent and suppress the financing of terrorism, as well as criminalize the willful provision or collection of funds for such acts†.The purpose of this resolution was to minimize the financing of terrorism and to encourage member states to deny safe haven to known terrorists, assist states in need of anti-terrorism measures, and to accelerate the exchange of information regarding terrorist activity; i n other words this resolution deeply encouraged international cooperation in combating terrorism. While the resolve of the Security Council (UN) is to be commended, four problems are still to be addressed.First, although member states of the UN agree on the importance of combating terrorism, member states continue to have different views on the precise nature of these threats, and different opinions on the appropriate responses to these threats (Boulden, Weiss, 2004). The US should take responsibility and forge a consensus on the nature of the terrorist threat and what an appropriate response would be.If the US takes consideration of other states and develops a genuine international response effort, then this should convince other states that the US is not only concerned for itself but for the international community as a whole (Boulden, Weiss, 2004). Secondly, the long term implications for the Security Council’s resolution regarding the legitimization of force against terro rist organizations are problematic. Permission to use military force without a proper criteria for reason has been seen as handing a â€Å"blank check† to the USA.Although the US argues preemptive action and covert military action is necessary to combat terrorism, the absence of an international agreement on a definition for terrorism can lead to the possibility of abuse of this â€Å"blank check† (Boulden, Weiss, 2004). To solve this issue, the UN should engage member states in a discussion to answer the important questions, â€Å"when are terrorist acts the equivalent of armed attacks? †, â€Å"Do imminent threats of attack always justify a military response? † (Boulden, Weiss, 2004).Third, the issue of finance always seems to plague attempts at combating terrorism. The implementation of the UN’s counterterrorist measures will therefore continue to be difficult unless financial assonance is given by member states. A solution to this problem would be the investment of funds into the Counter-terrorism committee (CTC), this committee would thereby invest funding into state counter terrorism agencies who lack the financial capacity to effectively fight terrorism (Boulden, Weiss, 2004).Fourth, the war against terrorism has been labeled as the â€Å"long war†, and it is true that the effort against terrorism will take time and finance, however there must also be an effort against the root causes of terrorism; poverty, disease, social disorder, unstable governments, etc (Boulden, Weiss, 2004). The UN has a promising track record when dealing with these problems, therefore the investment into social development programs will allow for significant advancements in the effort against terrorism (Boulden, Weiss, 2004).This paper will now offer a list of policy recommendations. In order to combat terrorism effectively, Thomas Mockaitis (2007) suggests there should be elements of four broad tasks present. 1. Anti-terrorism to prote ct military forces, installations and personnel and to assist member nataions in protecting their citizens and infrastructure from terrorist attack. 2. Consequence management to aide member states in mitigating the effects of an actual terrorist attack. 3. Counterterrorism to take offensive action against terrorist organizations, personnel and facilities. 4.Military cooperation with civilian institutions, government and private, to defend against terrorism. Evidently this system of counter-terrorism has been drafted as a military doctrine labeled the NATO Concept, which provides an excellent framework for organizing an effective response against terrorism (Mockaitis, 2007). Below is a chart which illustrates the three core measures of combating terrorism. ‘Consequence management’ refers to the measures taken by local, state, and national departments to prepare for and if necessary respond to a terrorist attack (Mockaitis, 2007). Counterterrorism’ and ‘Antit errorism’ is the offensive military enforcement of operations against terrorists (organisations, networks, and individuals), and the economic, social, and diplomatic measures to combat the root causes of terrorism (poverty, civil unrest, etc) (Mockaitis, 2007). All three tasks require effective cooperation and rely on the intelligence which lies at the centre of the three and helps organise the effort (Mockaitis, 2007). This paper has argued that the most dangerous form of terrorism is religious terrorism.In order to deliver an effective argument, this paper was divided into three sections; first, it was argued that religious terrorism is the most dangerous form of terrorism by examining defining it, examining how it is dangerous, and discussing why it is more dangerous than other forms of terrorism. Secondly, this paper argued that the most dangerous proponent of terrorism is the organisation of the Taliban, supporting this claim was an analysis of the group, giving backgrou nd information, information on the Taliban’s policies and recent activities, and the threat this organisation poses on the international community.Lastly this paper analysed and critiqued the anti-terrorism policy of the UN, and provided policy recommendations for all member states to implement, namely the policies currently implemented by NATO forces. This paper was written in order to legitimise religious terrorism as the most dangerous form of terrorism, thereby allowing for more effective international cooperation towards combating terrorism. This paper can therefore conclude that the most dangerous form of terrorism is Religious Terrorism. References: Alexander, Y. (1994).Middle east terrorism: Current Threats and Future Prospects. International library of Terrorism. England: Dartmouth Publishing Co. Brafman, O. , & Beckstrom, R. (2006). The Starfish and the Spider: The Unstoppable Power of Leaderless Organizations. New York: Penguin Group Hoffman, B. (1998). Inside terr orism. New York: Columbia University Press. Kelling, M. , Saludin, M. , Von-Feigenblatt, O. F. , Alis, M. , &Shuib, M. (2010). Taliban: How it Emerged and why the U. S and Pakistan Failed? International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences. Martin, G. (2010).Understanding terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. (3rd Ed). UK: Sage Publications Mendelsohn, B. (2009). Combating Jihadism. London: University of Chicago Press. Mockaitis, T. (2007). The â€Å"new† terrorism: Myths and Reality. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. Schmidt, F. (2010). From Islamic warriors to drug lords: The evolution of the Taliban Insurgency. Mediterranean Quarterly, 21(2), 61-1. doi: 10. 1215/10474552-2010-005 The Guardian. (May 13, 2011). Pakistan suicide bomb kills 80 as Taliban seeks revenge for Bin Laden. Retrieved November 20, 2011 from http://www. uardian. co. uk/world/2011/may/13/suicide-bombing-revenge-osama The New York Review of Books. (2011). Why they get Pakistan wrong. Retrieved from http://www. nybooks. com/articles/archives/2011/sep/29/why-they-get-pakistan-wrong/ United Nations. (August, 2010). Afghan civilian casualties rise 31 per cent in first six months of 2010. Retrieved from http://unama. unmissions. org/Default. aspx? tabid=1741&ctl=Details&mid=1882&ItemID=9955 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2009). World Drug Report. Received from www. unodc. org/unodc/data-and-analysis/WDR. html

Violence in Society †Sociology Essay

Violence in Society – Sociology Essay Free Online Research Papers Violence in Society Sociology Essay Violence exists in many different forms in our society. Unfortunately, many people believe that violence is the most effective way of solving the problems in our world today. It is a horrible resolution but is usually seen as the only option, and results in tragedy. Basically, man has not yet learned from his past mistakes and is not aware that violence just leads to more violence. Violence today accomplishes nothing and is a futile act that shows how many problems our society has. When used as a way to solve problems, violence is very useless. It is a senseless act because instead of resolving situations and trying to be more open minded, people just choose violence and show their intolerance felt for people unlike them. An example of this would be from the movie Mississippi Burning, when the Ku Klux Klan would chase and hunt down innocent black people and then hang them or shoot them. People would get killed just because of their skin colour or cultural beliefs. These kinds of racism and violence have been present since the 1950’s and 1960’s, when they were used constantly. Another example from these times is found in the life of Martin Luther King Jr. who was a preacher who believed in negotiation and peaceful means rather then violence, as shown in the video Martin Luther King Jr. that was viewed in class. He was just a man who was trying to solve the major issue of segregation experienced by the black people. He sought to copy the idea s expressed by Gandhi, which also dealt with peaceful means to solve problems. Tragically, Martin Luther King Jr. soon after was assassinated and murdered. This goes to show how much hatred and violence exists in mankind. Our world is basically run by our society and the people around us. Then what kind of society are we when we use violence against the helpless, and lack any sort of tolerance for those who differ from us? This goes to show us how many problems our society has these days, and has had for the past decades. An example of this would be Hitler, and how he killed off Jewish people to carry out his objective of â€Å"a perfect world† which consisted of blonde hair and blue eyed people (German culture). This kind of terrorism seems sickening and disgusting. However, there are certain types of people who exist in the world that share the same opinion of Hitler. Other examples include the disaster that occurred on September 11th last year. This was an act of terrorism and hatred. Osama Bin Laden was responsible for these terrible acts of violence towards the United States. These atrocious catastrophes have forever altered our sense of security. The usual way of solving problems that deal with violence rather then peaceful means, are not adequate anymore for the world in which we live. People are starting to realize who the â€Å"good† and the â€Å"bad† are. An example of this would be when peace marches with Martin Luther King Jr. would turn into a riot of innocent people running for their lives from the authorities, who mercilessly attack them and abuse them. These pointless acts led the people to finally realize what kind of government they were supporting, and helped them to understand and be more open minded about what was really going on. Thus, violence itself is not a solution to problems. It is more beneficial to society to question whether or not violence is really the answer. Only through thoughtful discussion and the realization that the solution lies in peaceful negotiation, will there be any hope for the future. Research Papers on Violence in Society - Sociology EssayEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital PunishmentQuebec and CanadaWhere Wild and West MeetRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andTrailblazing by Eric AndersonComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Free Essays on Eastern And Western Russia

. Peter was the first to reform and simplify the Cyrillic alphabet used for Russian. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries., partly as a result of the work of the great Russian writer Aleksandr Pushkin, the Russians succeeded in throwing off the dominance of Church Slavonic and in developing their own tongue into a literary language, which was, nevertheless, influenced and even enriched by the Church Slavonic legacy. Literary Russian is based on the dialect used in and around the city of Moscow, which became the leading cultural center of the country in the 15th century. Extensive reforms, aimed at simplifying and standardizing Russian writing and grammar, took place after the Revolution of 1917. Western influence manifested itself though a number of translations and also through the establishment of the first theater in Russia. The Westernizing process was greatly accelerated under the rule of Peter I, and at the same time the Russian alphabet was revised... Free Essays on Eastern And Western Russia Free Essays on Eastern And Western Russia Russia is the world’s largest country by land area, and it ranks sixth in terms of the most densely populated countries. Russia occupies much of Eastern Europe and all of Northern Asia. Because of the fact that Russia is divided by its location within these two continents accounts for the diverse cultural aspects found within the country. This also accounts for the split between East and West, between traditional Russian values and Western influence. These differences may be seen in many ways, some of which include: Russian language, literature, art and architecture, music, and politics. The development of the Russian language is not easily traced historically because until the 17th century, the religious and cultural language of the Russian people was not Russian, but Church Slavonic. When Peter the Great undertook the task to Westernize Russia in the early 18th century, the Russian language was subjected to Western influences and absorbed a number of foreign words. Peter was the first to reform and simplify the Cyrillic alphabet used for Russian. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries., partly as a result of the work of the great Russian writer Aleksandr Pushkin, the Russians succeeded in throwing off the dominance of Church Slavonic and in developing their own tongue into a literary language, which was, nevertheless, influenced and even enriched by the Church Slavonic legacy. Literary Russian is based on the dialect used in and around the city of Moscow, which became the leading cultural center of the country in the 15th century. Extensive reforms, aimed at simplifying and standardizing Russian writing and grammar, took place after the Revolution of 1917. Western influence manifested itself though a number of translations and also through the establishment of the first theater in Russia. The Westernizing process was greatly accelerated under the rule of Peter I, and at the same time the Russian alphabet was revised...

Logbook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Logbook - Essay Example The defender is left for dead by the striker but he manages to stick a foot and catches the striker on his right leg and he goes down. In my opinion Mario Ballotelli is a very competitive player with what is known in sports psychology as a NACH personality. He has the in-built desire to succeed in all that he does as a player and has very high levels of motivation. In sports psychology the personality of the player if of importance especially as relates to the mental toughness of the player, self-efficacy and arousal. Self-efficacy is influenced by four main factors and these are vicarious experiences, performance accomplishments, verbal persuasion and emotional arousal (Russell, 2008). Vicarious experiences involves seeing your competitor as someone with the same skill set as yourself or as someone with lower sets of skill therefore enhancing an individual’s confidence that they can be able to achieve and complete their set tasks. Arousal can be defined as an individualâ€⠄¢s cognitive activation and psychological awareness (Singh, 2005). In my opinion Ballotelli exhibits aggression as based on the aggressive cue theory as first proposed by Leonard Berkowitz. The theory seemed to suggest that certain social settings and environment would make acts of aggression acceptable. Therefore I would employ the concept of arousal regulation in sports science .This is where the player uses techniques such as meditation and breathing in order to achieve the optimum cognitive state for maximum results. I would also use the concept of self-talk on the player. The player can use this technique in order to remain calm. Goal setting is a classic coaching principle that can be used in such a situation. I as the coach can set a specific number of matches that he expects the player to go without having any discipline issues (Blair, 2012). In this particular scenario, Alvaro Negredo, the new star player of the team is

The shift by manufacturing and service firms from acting as standalone Essay

The shift by manufacturing and service firms from acting as standalone entities, to being parts of wider networks of firms, may have important implications for - Essay Example The strategy is the choice which leads an outcome, and among different strategies the company chooses the one that suits better with the company and helps in achieving the best. The term "Comparative Advantage" means that the companies shares the best resources with each other in order to provide various prices of the product that provide the edge for the advantage. The last term "Networks of Firms" means that the firms are now trying to adopt the strategy that were similar to the networking of different departments within a single organizations. The networks of firms between different companies are a simple strategy that is used to provide comparative advantage to the companies involved in networking. The new term the roadmaps is now in used in which the different companies across the world adopt the process of networking through which they use to share information's, technologies and different issues related to business in order to provide a standardized product to the world. Usual ly this strategy is adopted in order to provide the quality product at a very low cost as the companies are using the cost-effective strategy. The companies use to share their resources, information's and technology that lower their cost when they work alone. The strategy is used in order to capture the global market with minimum uncertainty. The strategy is not even the cost-effective but also it reduces the time cost. The companies do not need to spend their time in allocating resources and information. From the last few years the departments of a single company is using the techniques of networking. This help in improving the communication levels within the departments and enhance the better management system. Usually this networking helps the prime activities to communicate very efficiently with the support activities. These enhance the quality system and process among the departments. Similar is the case with the roadmaps. The roadmaps development helps in sharing the different resources and information among different companies that enhances the operational cost of each product and provide quality with low price tag on the product. The strategy of roadmaps is only used when you require the standard product and for diversifying the product at global level with minimum uncertainty it is consider that the roadmaps strategy works very well. Starting our main topic, the Roadmaps, it is very similar to the networking of different departments. But the only thing is that developing the roadmaps is very complicated and complex process and need a lot of time in developing the different phase of the roadmaps. The roadmaps development is divided in three phases. While description of these phases we are using the simple ways rather making it more complex. The very first step or phase is the preliminary which itself consist of three phases or steps. The very first step of the phase 1 is satisfying the essential conditions, the second step is providing leadership or sponsorship and the very last step is defining the scope of technological road map. The step of satisfying the essential condition involves the organizations to satisfy on the rules and regulation in order to work together. Different planning horizons with perspectives are drive out within each organization and thus these are

Malaysia, entrepreneurship Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Malaysia, entrepreneurship - Dissertation Example Human beings are the super animals; all of them possess the power to innovate new things that would enhance the quality of living. Thus, identifying the new methodologies encompasses the most important characteristics of entrepreneurship. In short an entrepreneur is the one, who becomes a risk lover and accepts any upcoming risk, provided it associates the scope of achieving profit. In the modern world of globalization, business and trading activities are at its zenith. It is almost impossible to achieve economic growth in a nation without the expansion of entrepreneurial capabilities. Entrepreneurs in a nation give rise to small and medium scale enterprises that generate more employment opportunities in the country. A rise in the level of employment ultimately stimulates the growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in a country. Small scale industry growth is the primary aspect that helps in reducing poverty in an economy. Almost all the developed and developing countries in the world are now opting for rise in the level of entrepreneurial activities. The government of any nation should actively support the entrepreneurial activities in the economy, as this is the only key that would help in attaining economic development. ... economy. Most of the jobs and inventions in U.S. result from the current entrepreneurial activities. In early 2002, it was estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau that almost three forth of the U.S. businesses were tackled by entrepreneurs (DOL, 2013). Figure 1: U.S. Growing Entrepreneurship 2006-2011 (Source: Forbes, 2012) Malaysia is a nation, whose income is categorized in the group of middle income nations. Since 1970’s the country has shown rapid growth and progress, transforming itself as a multi-sector economic system. It is estimated that small scale industries contribution in the economy is higher by almost 2 %, than the large scale business firms in Malaysia (CIA, 2013). The enormous number financing, infrastructural and business advisory policies framed regarding the entrepreneurship in Malaysia shows high prevalence of the same in the country. The Ministry of Entrepreneurial Development was established in Malaysia long ago in 1995 (USINFO, n.d). This state body ensured that the nation enjoys economic development with the help of capitalist class growth. In the recent times most of the economies are stimulating their economic growth with the virtues of entrepreneurship. Figure 2: Growing Popularity of Entrepreneurship (Source: MSU, 2013) Operational Management Strategies for Entrepreneurship The business environment of medium and small scale industries is highly competitive. The method and strategies used in the operational activities successfully helps a firm to generate competitive advantage among the rivals in the market. Operations involve managing business resources and modifying the procedure of production of goods or services. Figure 3: Operational Strategy (Source: Slack and Nigel, 2005) The above diagram shows that operations

The Grievances Amongst the Russian People Essay Example for Free

The Grievances Amongst the Russian People Essay Assess the extent to which the grievances of the Russian people were addressed by the October Manifesto The grievances amongst the Russian people were addressed to some extent by the passing of the October Manifesto. The laws passed in the October Manifesto were designed to benefit the working class as well as prevent an outbreak of violence and an imminent revolution. Stolypin was appointed as the chairman of ministers for the Duma. Which had been created in the hope to please the working class enough to draw them back to the factories. However while in that position he implemented many controversial laws. Consequently Stolypin was assassinated and caused a huge impact on the Russian people. Firstly Tsar Nicholas II was persuaded by his advisers to issue the October Manifesto, because the increasing misery of the Russian people had reached a point where they were willing to take the risk of initiating a revolution. The suffering the Russian people, especially the working class endured around October 1905 was extreme due to the Russo-Japo war. There were severe shortages on everything but most importantly fuel and food which were necessities. The level of their discontent was increasingly rising and revolution was becoming an imminent possibility. The Tsar was consequently persuaded by his trusted advisors to give up his absolute power and focus on trying to retain a partial power. The passing of the October Manifesto effectively stopped the threat of revolution. The laws passed within this document allowed for the setting up of a Russian parliament called the Duma, gave the people a right to vote, allowed for basic civil rights to be for filled such as free speech and better working and living conditions. The passing of the October Manifesto ended absolute monarchy in Russia. This also pleased and convinced the workers to go back to working class to go back to work. Secondly a man named Stolypin was appointed by the Tsar to be chairman of the Duma, the new Russian parliament. However this was a tactical move by the Tsar, Stolypin was placed in this position so as to reverse all the changes that had been made in the October Manifesto which the Tsar had to concede to in October 1905. Stolypin implemented many controversial policies such as, punishing the leaders of the revolution through hanging. Which resulted in the death of over two thousand people and around 21,000 being banished to Siberia. The noose became known as Stolypins neck tie. An upper house of the Duma was created called the State Council. The deputies of this house were also appointed by the Tsar consequently they were answerable to him in preference to the public. The Upper House was put in place so as to stop any law that was not suitable proposed by the Duma. Also in 1907 Stolypin engineered a new electoral law, which was made in favour of the rich. The rule stated that it would take 230 large landowner (nobles), 1000 large business owners (industrialists), 15 000 small business, 60 0000 peasant, and 125 000 factory workers votes to elect one deputy to the Duma. The new electoral law limited the rights of the poor and working class; basically landing them back to where they began for their fight for basic rights. However during the period of Stolypin, Russia was fairly stable between 1907 and 1911, due to Stolypins wise intelligence. He implemented some legal reforms for peasants and factory workers that did not fully satisfy them but kept them content. Stolypin was very wise in the decisions he made. Stolypin was able to keep the threat of revolution down by passing some legal reforms that satisfied the peasants and working class. However he did implement many controversial policies that took back the rights of the working class, that they had fought so hard to win. Thirdly the impact of Stolypins downfall and assassination created growing discontent amongst the people. With rising numbers of strikes and demonstrations. After Stolypins assassination in 1911, the middle class dominated Duma, removed the restrictions and overturned Stolypin’s social reforms in order for Russia to more rapidly industrialise. Russia experienced worsening discontent throughout 1912 to 1914. In 1912 striking miners in the Lena Goldfields in Siberia were massacred by the Cossacks which therefore provoked a wave of more strikes. In July 1914 a general strike began. Violent clashes between the factory workers Cossacks and police ended in mounting causalities. This near revolution only ended due to the out break of WW1. Stolypins assassination had a great impact on the Russian people; it increased discontent amongst the working class which resulted in more strikes, casualties and deaths. The Russian people were consequently stuck back in the same position they had fought so hard to get out of in 1905. In conclusion the grievances amongst the Russian people were addressed to some extent by the passing of the October Manifesto in 1905. The Manifesto allowed for the creation of a Duma which resulted in a more democratic environment, and allowed for the right to vote. This manifesto also allowed for basic civil rights such as free speech and better working and living conditions, which were the biggest issue behind most of the strikes. However the commission of Stolypin by the Tsar to fill the place of the chairman of ministers for the Duma created problems. The Russian people were kept content throughout the period of Stolypins power despite the gradual reversal of all changes made by the Tsar in the October Manifesto. After the assassination of Stolypin a general strike broke out, this landed the Russian people back to square one. So to some extent the passing of the October Manifesto in 1905 addressed the grievances amongst the Russian people.